UP Board class 12 English 5. Indigo is a Hindi Medium Solution which is prescribed by Uttar Pradesh Board for their students. These Solutions is completely prepared considering the latest syllabus and it covers every single topis, so that every student get organised and conceptual learning of the concepts. class 12 Students of UP Board who have selected hindi medium as their study medium they can use these Hindi medium textSolutions to prepare themselves for exam and learn the concept with ease.
Exercise Answers & Summary
urge the departure – to insist on the going away of the British from India.
conflict of duties – a clash of obligations or responsibilities.
harbor a man like me – to give shelter to an advocate of home-rule.
seek a prop – to try to find support or assistance.
a. Rajkumar Shukla was:
(i) a sharecropper. (Correct)
(ii) a politician. (Incorrect)
(iii) a delegate. (Incorrect)
(iv) a landlord. (Incorrect)
b. Rajkumar Shukla was:
(i) poor. (Correct)
(ii) physically strong. (Incorrect)
(iii) illiterate. (Correct)
Rajkumar Shukla is described as ‘resolute’ because he did not give up. Even after Gandhi ji explained his busy schedule in Cawnpore and other places, Shukla stayed with him. He persistently requested Gandhi ji to fix a date to visit Champaran. His unwavering determination finally convinced Gandhi ji to agree.
Gandhi ji was dressed simply in a dhoti, much like any poor farmer. He was accompanied by Rajkumar Shukla, a known poor sharecropper. Seeing them together, the servants naturally assumed Gandhi ji was just another peasant from the countryside.
After first meeting Shukla, Gandhi ji visited: Cawnpore, his ashram near Ahmedabad, Calcutta, Patna, and Muzzafarpur, before finally reaching Champaran.
As per the long-term contract, peasants had to plant 15% of their land with indigo and surrender the entire harvest as rent. With the invention of synthetic indigo in Germany, British landlords no longer wanted natural indigo. They cleverly offered to release peasants from the 15% agreement if they paid a compensation. The development of synthetic indigo would make natural indigo less valuable, likely lowering its market price.
Several instances reflect Gandhi's methods:
1. Civil Disobedience: Refusing to obey the court order to leave Champaran.
2. Non-cooperation: Protesting against the delay in court proceedings.
3. Satyagraha (Truth Force): Pleading guilty in court but rationally explaining his actions. He obeyed the "higher law of conscience" over an unjust man-made law, showcasing that truth and non-violent resistance were his tools.
For Gandhi, the principle was more important than the money. The fact that the powerful British landlords were forced to surrender and refund any money was a huge moral victory. It made the peasants realize their rights and shed their fear. A 25% refund was enough to achieve this long-term goal of empowerment and self-reliance, which was proven right when the landlords eventually left their estates.
The Champaran episode transformed the peasants' lives:
- They gained confidence and courage, seen in their spontaneous demonstration.
- They became aware of their rights and were liberated from fear.
- The oppressive 15% sharecropping arrangement was abolished.
- Gandhi initiated social reforms—opening schools, improving sanitation and hygiene with his wife's help, and arranging for a doctor.
Gandhi saw Champaran as a turning point because it was the first successful experiment of civil disobedience in India. It proved that non-violent resistance could win against injustice. The success in making peasants confident and aware validated his methods, setting the stage for the larger national freedom struggle.
Gandhi influenced lawyers through logic, moral appeal, and leading by example:
- He chided them for charging high fees from poor peasants.
- When lawyers considered leaving if Gandhi was arrested, he made them feel ashamed by asking how they could leave when a stranger was ready to go to jail for them.
- He convinced them to be self-reliant and not seek support from an Englishman, instilling national pride.
The average Indian in small towns was sympathetic but fearful. They supported the idea of home rule but were afraid of the British authorities' consequences. Only a few brave individuals, like Professor Malkani, dared to openly shelter leaders like Gandhi.
The story of Rajkumar Shukla, a simple, determined farmer, is proof. He persisted and brought Gandhi to Champaran, which sparked the change. The collective courage of countless ordinary peasants who joined the protest was crucial to the victory, showing that the freedom movement was built on the contributions of common people.
The author uses direct speech (quotations) to make the narrative vivid, authentic, and dramatic. It allows readers to hear the characters' exact words, like Gandhi's decisive statements or Shukla's persistent requests, making historical events feel immediate and real.
1. "Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor." Do you think that the poor of India are free from fear after Independence?
Discussion Point: While independence removed foreign rule, many poor Indians still live in fear—fear of authorities, moneylenders, unemployment, and lack of access to justice. True freedom from fear remains a goal yet to be fully achieved.
2. The qualities of a good leader.
Discussion Point: A good leader possesses integrity, courage, empathy, and dedication. Like Gandhi, they should be able to inspire and mobilize people, lead by example, be selfless, and have a clear vision for empowering others.
(i) From the text: Deposition, notice, summon, lawyer, court, case, fee, agreement, compensation, order, guilty, trial.
(ii) Other words: Judge, evidence, bail, verdict, sentence, magistrate, appeal, affidavit, witness, accused, prosecution, defence, indictment, hearing, decree.
Facts of the Case (Fukushima Disaster, 2011): A massive earthquake and tsunami disabled the power and cooling systems of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan. Three reactor cores melted, leading to a major release of radioactive materials. It was rated a level 7 (major accident) on the International Nuclear Event Scale. Over 100,000 residents were evacuated.
Arguments & Concerns: The disaster highlighted the risks of nuclear power, especially in disaster-prone areas. Faults in plant design, inadequate safety measures, and the long-term environmental and health impacts are major concerns. The contamination of seawater showed that such disasters have cross-border implications.
Possible Settlement/Solution: Stricter global safety protocols for nuclear plants, locating them far from residential zones and seismic faults, investing in alternative renewable energy sources, and ensuring transparent emergency response plans to protect vulnerable communities.
--- End of UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Flamingo, Chapter 5: Indigo ---
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