UP Board class 11 English 1. The Lament - (Short Stories) is a Hindi Medium Solution which is prescribed by Uttar Pradesh Board for their students. These Solutions is completely prepared considering the latest syllabus and it covers every single topis, so that every student get organised and conceptual learning of the concepts. class 11 Students of UP Board who have selected hindi medium as their study medium they can use these Hindi medium textSolutions to prepare themselves for exam and learn the concept with ease.
Answer: The protagonist, Iona Potapov, is drowning in grief after his son's sudden death. Like any human, he feels a desperate need to talk about his pain and the ordeal he has endured. However, he is met with a wall of indifference from everyone around him. Whether it is passengers in a hurry to reach their destinations or people simply wrapped up in their own worlds, no one spares a moment to listen to his sorrow. This universal neglect forces Iona, in the end, to pour out his heart to the only being who will listen—his horse.
Answer: Iona is a poor cab driver shattered by personal tragedy. The story paints him as a profoundly lonely and miserable figure. His grief is so overwhelming that he becomes oblivious to his surroundings, even the falling snow. He desperately seeks human connection and empathy, wanting to narrate how his son died and express his anguish. His statement that death should have taken him instead of his young son reveals his depth of despair. Ultimately, he appears as a man broken by loss, struggling to perform his daily duties while searching in vain for a shred of compassion from society.
Answer: After being repeatedly ignored by humans, Iona finds a true listener in his horse. He shares the entire story of his son's death, his visit to collect his son's clothes, and his overwhelming feelings of sorrow. The horse, in its own silent way, offers comfort by listening attentively and breathing warmly on Iona's hand. In a world of human indifference, the animal provides the empathy and companionship that Iona craves, becoming his most faithful friend and confidant.
Answer: The story powerfully highlights this truth. In the modern, fast-paced world, people often interact based on mutual benefit, with little room for genuine empathy. Individuals are becoming increasingly self-absorbed, treating others as mere instruments to fulfill their own needs. The age-old idea of sharing grief to lessen its burden seems almost extinct. As a result, people like Iona suffer in isolation, surrounded by a crowd yet utterly alone, pointing to a worrying depletion of core human values and morals.
Answer: Every person leads a dual life—a public, professional persona and a private, personal self. Often, the professional face remains stoic and composed, masking the personal turmoil or joy within. Iona perfectly embodies this conflict. Behind his cab driver's facade is a grieving father, shattered by loss. He must continue working to earn a living, all the while secretly hoping that a passenger might become a listener to his woes. This illustrates the constant balance individuals must maintain between their inner world and outer responsibilities.
Answer: The opening description of the gloomy twilight, with Iona and his horse sitting motionless in the snow, perfectly sets the tone for the story. The stillness and bleakness of the setting mirror Iona's internal state—frozen in grief, detached from the world, and enveloped in darkness and despair. This atmospheric prelude immediately prepares the reader for a tale of loneliness and silent suffering.
Answer: The passengers are described with sharp, telling details that highlight their self-absorption. The officer is impatient and focused only on his destination. The three rowdy young men are rude and abusive, concerned only with their fare. The house porter is absorbed in his own errands. Each passenger represents a cross-section of society, and their detailed portrayal emphasizes a common trait: indifference to the cab driver's humanity. They are not just faceless customers; they are vivid examples of the human disconnect Iona faces.
Answer: The entire narrative of 'The Lament' is structured around one central event: the recent death of Iona's son. Every action, thought, and encounter in the story stems from Iona's desperate need to talk about this loss. His attempts to converse with different passengers, his internal monologues, and his final confession to his horse—all are threads woven from this single, devastating fact. The story's power lies in how it explores the profound impact of grief and the universal need for empathy through this one pivotal event.
Answer: The circular structure, beginning and ending with Iona and his horse, is deeply significant. It underscores the story's central theme: the failure of human compassion and the ironic reliability of an animal. At the start, both are silent and still, burdened by the cold and sorrow. At the end, after Iona's futile search for a human listener, he finds solace only with his horse. This frame powerfully delivers Anton Chekhov's satirical message about human selfishness, suggesting that in a cold, modern world, genuine understanding may sometimes be found not in people, but in the silent companionship of animals.
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